All three use the same wheel-speed sensors and brakes but act in different moments. ABS stops the wheels locking when you brake hard, so you can still steer. Traction control stops the driven wheels spinning when you accelerate on a slippery surface. ESC is the widest: it detects the car skidding or sliding in any direction and brakes individual wheels and cuts power to bring it back in line, and it includes the other two. Bharat NCAP requires ESC for 3 stars or more.
Browse every car on sale in India
Checked against source 1, source 2, source 3 on 18 Sep 2026.